kaminski



Oct. 16, 1923.

P. KAMINSKI APPARATUS FOR THE LONG DISTANCE ADJUSTMENT OF GUNS AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 6. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 16 1923. 1,470,748

P. KAMINSKI APPARATUS FOR THE LONG DISTANCE ADJUSTMENT OF GUNS AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 6. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Oct. 16, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL KAMINSKI, OF BERLIN-PANKOW, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS & HALSKE,

AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF SIEMENSSTADT, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY, A CORPORA- TION OF GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR THE LONG-DISTANCE ADJUSTMENT OF GUNS AND THE LIKE.

Application filed December 6, 1922. Serial No. 605,313.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL KAMINSKI, a citizen of the German Empire, residing at lierlin-Pankow, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Long-Distance Adjust ment of Guns and the like, of which the following is a specification.

The electric telecontrol of the training of guns and the like is generally efi'ected on the follow-the-pointer or on.- the hunting principle. As this requires the transmission of angles, and as the linear range does not increase proportionally to the angle of elevation, the scales of the transmitter-receivers are generally provided with anglegraduations. The provision of a distance graduation was hitherto rather diflicult, especially for'short distances, as in this case considerable variations of the range result already from minute variations of angle, so that the lines on the scales must stand very closely together, the adjustment becoming thereby inaccurate. The conversion of the range measured, into an angle value, which has been practised hitherto, requires much time and is a source of errors.

The present invention overcomes said inconveniences and permits to mark the distance graduation uponthe transmitters and receivers with suflicient accuracy in those cases, in which the governor telescope, which controls the training of the gun, the gun, and the target, are not all situated in the same horizontal plane.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figs. 1 and 2 show diagrams in which the governor telescope and the gun are lo cated at difi'erent levels, and at the same level respectively, while Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a suitable device embodying the subject matter of my invention.

I shall at first proceed to describe with reference to Fig. 1 the case, in which the governor telescope is situated above the gun, for instance in the top of a vessel. (2 designates the governor telescope, H its distance above the n G, E the range, Fthe trajectory, anf z the target, If the transmission of the movement from the direction telescope or to the gun by means of the telecontrol is angle-true and if to this control from a distance the angle of elevation a, which corresponds to the distance E and to the trajectory F, is added accord ing to the practice table, the shot will not strike the target Z but, as the governor telescope a when being trained on the target Z has been lowered for the angle [5, ata point Z which is below the target Z a distance equal to the distance H. At the transmission device, thus, not the normal angle of elevation 0: according to the practice table must be ad'usted, but the trajectory F must be raised rom the point Z to the target Z, that is the distance H. Therefore, the angle transmitted to the gun from the governor telescope, upon training the latter on the target, must be corrected by the angle {5 to cause the gun to hear on Z instead of Z The value of 5 is found from the H formula E tgB.

(5 must become the greater the smaller E is. According to the invention, this additional angle 3 is directly included in the graduated elevation drum of the transmitter, wherefrom results the advantage that the drum can be graduated directly according to the distance measured, and not according to the angle values, since precisely for the short distances, for which the distances between the graduation lines corresponding to the ranges were hitherto too small and inaccurate, the distances between the graduation lines will be increased for the value of the angle ES.

The conditions are similar if governor telescope and gunare situated in the same plane but above the target, as is generally the case with coast-defences. In Fig. 2, G designates the gun, which stands above the water level the distance H, Z is the target, and E the measured distance, while F is the trajectory, which would result if the H being a constant,

target located at the linear distance E were situated in the same horizontal. plane as the gun. This trajectory F is the resultant of the speed V of the projectile and of the distance i; gt traversed by the projectile. If the gun is pointed, with the normal angle of elevation according to the practice table, at the target Z situated in a lower plane and fired, that is to say if the trajectory is normally transposed, not Z will be hit, as i; gt maintains its direction and amplitude, but the point Z,. This dis lacement of the hitting point, which for ba 'stie reasons is different for each caliber produces also the desired enlargement of thedistance scale. AsH' i a constant also in this case, the new graduation of the elevation drum need be calculated also once oniy.

ig. 3 shows by way of example a suitable constructional form of my invention;

e governor telescope a of the transmitting device oscillable 1n a way known in the art (not illustrated), can be moved in the vertical plane by a toothed sector 6. A crank handle (13 mounted in a casing (not shown) of the apparatus serves for movlng, on the one hand, with the aid of a toothed wheel 0 keyed upon its axle and with the aid of the toothed sector I) the governor telescope'a in the vertical plane, and, on the other hand, through an intermediary gear e, f g h a planet-wheel p keyed upon a shaft It journalled in the casing of the apparatus. A planet-wheel p, keyed upon a shaft 8 is in gear with said planet-wheel 1),. The shaft 8 carries the elevation drum 7, the graduation t of which is marked not in accordance with the normal ballistic curve but with this value increased by the angle of dip-i. e., the angle resulting from the difference in height of the several hori zontal lanes, which varies with the distance of the target. The shaft .9 is rotated in a way known in the art by a crank handle 9' through an intermediary toothed gearing n, the axle of said crank handle serving at the same time for moving the pointer '12 in axial direction over the elevation drum r. If now the governor telescope is inclined for the angle of dip 6 in training it on the target, by means of the hand crank d the bevel gear 2 is rotated for the same angle, but since in setting the range on the range drum 1' by the handle 9, the bevel gear 11 is rotated for the angle of elevation oz-lthe angle of dip 6, the planetary gear p, will only revolve an amount corresponding to the due angle of elevation with respect to the horizontal plane. The shaft k revolves, in a Way known in the art by means of a worm is and a pinion i, the coarse transmitter u and the fine transmitter m of an electric transmitting system. The adjustment of said transmitters u and m is transmitted, in any well known manner, electrically t the pointers a of the corresponding receivers u and m at the guns. By turnlng the crank handle 'w, the gun 3 moves on the trunnions a: and at the same time worm wheels Z'with following pointers o are operated to register with said pointers through intermediary gearings k, i, corresponding to the transmitting device.

he transmisslon of the movement of the shaft h form of efl'ected ner, for vice.

What I claim is:

In an electrical system for the telecontrol of the pointing of guns or the like on the folloWthe-pointer or hunting principle, in which the target, the governor telescope and the guns have different levels, a pinrality of guns lying in the same level, comprising electrical receivers on the gun and electrical transmitters acting upon said receivers, a governor telescope located at a level different from that of the target, transmitters mechanically connected to the telescope, and a range scale mechanically connected to said transmitters, said scale beto the guns is not limited to the construction set forth, as it could be also in any other convenient maninstance by a so-called hunting deing calibrated for the angle ofelevation in addition to the angle resulting from the difference of height in the levels of the governor telescope, andthe target.

. In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

PAUL KAMINSKI. 

